Ozone concentrations in the atmosphere vary naturally with sunspots, seasons, and latitude. Scientists have established records spanning several decades that detail normal ozone levels during natural cycles. UVB has been linked to many harmful effects, including skin cancers, cataracts, and harm to some crops and marine life. NASA provides more information on their web site (). However, these precautions will become more important as ozone depletion worsens. It is always important to protect oneself against UVB, even in the absence of ozone depletion, by wearing hats, sunglasses, and sunscreen. The ozone layer protects the Earth against most UVB coming from the sun. It has also been linked to damage to some materials, crops, and marine organisms. It is a cause of melanoma and other types of skin cancer. UVB is particularly effective at damaging DNA. UVB is a kind of ultraviolet light from the sun (and sun lamps) that has several harmful effects. Most importantly, it absorbs the portion of UV light called UVB UVBA band of ultraviolet radiation with wavelengths from 280-320 nanometers produced by the Sun. The ozone layer in the stratosphere absorbs a portion of the radiation from the sun, preventing it from reaching the planet's surface. Nash, Twenty Questions and Answers About the Ozone Layer: 2014 Update, Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2014, 84 pp., World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2015 Most commercial airplanes fly in the lower part of the stratosphere. Warm air remains in the upper stratosphere, and cool air remains lower, so there is much less vertical mixing in this region than in the troposphere., continues from 6 miles (10 km) to about 31 miles (50 km). In fact, this warming is caused by ozone absorbing ultraviolet radiation. The stratosphere gets warmer at higher altitudes. Commercial airlines fly in the lower stratosphere. The stratosphere extends from about 10km to about 50km in altitude. The next layer, the stratosphere stratosphereThe region of the atmosphere above the troposphere. Everest, the tallest mountain on the planet, is only about 5.6 miles (9 km) high. Virtually all human activities occur in the troposphere. This process, known as convection, means there are huge air movements that mix the troposphere very efficiently., extends from the Earth's surface up to about 6 miles or 10 kilometers (km) in altitude. As warm air rises, it cools, falling back to Earth. Temperatures decrease with altitude in the troposphere. Everest, the highest mountain on Earth, is only 8.8 km high. Almost all weather takes place in the troposphere. The troposphere extends from the surface up to about 10 km in altitude, although this height varies with latitude. The lowest layer, the troposphere troposphereThe region of the atmosphere closest to the Earth. The Earth's atmosphere is composed of several layers. Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2018 I. will, over time, damage crops and lead to higher skin cancer and cataract rates. UVC is completely absorbed by ozone and normal oxygen. UVB is mostly absorbed by ozone, although some reaches the Earth. The sun produces UV, which is commonly split into three bands: UVA, UVB, and UVC. Less ozone-layer protection from ultraviolet (UV) light ultraviolet (UV) lightUltraviolet radiation is a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths shorter than visible light. protects all life from the sun's harmful radiation, but human activities have damaged this shield. The science page () offers much more detail on the science of ozone depletion. Depletion of this layer by ozone depleting substances (ODS) will lead to higher UVB levels, which in turn will cause increased skin cancers and cataracts and potential damage to some marine organisms, plants, and plastics. The ozone layer lies approximately 15-40 kilometers (10-25 miles) above the Earth's surface, in the stratosphere. The Earth's ozone layer ozone layerThe region of the stratosphere containing the bulk of atmospheric ozone.
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